Vaginal Infection: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

A woman’s vagina makes discharge that’s usually clear or slightly cloudy. In some cases, changes in discharge may indicate a vaginal infection, even if it doesn’t have a smell or cause itching. Depending on the period of the menstrual cycle, the consistency and amount of vaginal secretions vary from very thin or watery discharge to thick discharge. When discharge has a very noticeable odour, burn, or itch, that’s likely a problem. Vaginitis affects all ages, but is most common during reproductive years

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of vaginal infection:

• Irritation or itching of the genital area
• Discharge that may be white, grey, watery, curdy, or foamy
• Redness and swelling around or outside of the vagina
• Pain or discomfort when urinating
• Painful sexual intercourse
• Foul or fishy vaginal odour

Causes

Bacterial, fungal, or viral agents can cause vaginal infections. Sexual activity can transmit these infections, and engaging with multiple partners may increase the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis, a type of vaginitis.

Other factors that increase the risk of vaginal infection include:

• Pregnancy
• Using douches or vaginal products, including sprays, spermicides, and certain contraceptive devices
• Using antibiotics
• Cigarette smoking
• Wearing tight pants or damp underwear
• Low oestrogen levels during menopause
• Women with diabetes or with less immunity are particularly prone to vaginal infection

Diagnosis

• The doctor will examine you physically and inquire about your medical background, especially any history of sexually transmitted infections.
• The doctor may examine the pelvic area to detect inflammation or unusual discharge and may collect a sample to identify the source of the infection.

Treatment

Depending upon the symptoms, clinical examination, and test report of vaginal sample, the doctor will confirm the cause of infection, and medicines will be prescribed.

Prevention

These tips can help reduce the risk of vaginitis:

• Having good overall hygiene
• Use gentle, fragrance-free soaps.
• Wearing cotton underwear
• Avoid douching and avoid irritating feminine products.
• Wipe front to back to prevent bacteria from reaching the vagina.
• Wearing loose-fitting clothing
• Practising sex with a condom
• Using antibiotics only when necessary

Frequently Asked Questions