Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Risks of Cardiac Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term encompassing all conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, including heart disease, heart attack, aortic disease, and stroke. Among these, heart disease is the most common and poses a significant risk across all age groups, especially with changing lifestyles and increased stress levels.

What’s concerning is that heart disease is no longer a condition confined to older adults. A rising number of young people are also being diagnosed with cardiovascular conditions, largely due to unhealthy lifestyle choices. While some risk factors are beyond our control, many are modifiable. Understanding both types of risks is the first step toward prevention.

Modifiable Risk Factors: What You Can Control

Modifiable risk factors are lifestyle-related and can be changed or managed to reduce your risk of heart disease. These include:

• High blood pressure
• High LDL (bad) cholesterol and low HDL (good) cholesterol
• Uncontrolled blood sugar or diabetes
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Unhealthy diet (high in fats, salt, and low in fiber)
• Chronic stress and poor anger management

These factors often work in combination. For instance, a sedentary lifestyle may lead to obesity, which in turn can raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, the positive side is that improving one area, such as regular exercise or a healthier diet, can have a ripple effect on several others.

To reduce your risk:

• Quit smoking
• Keep blood pressure, cholesterol, and sugar levels under control
• Eat a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, low-fat protein (especially plant-based), and whole grains
• Limit salt, saturated fats, and portion sizes
• Exercise at least 30 minutes on most days
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Find healthy outlets for stress and anger
• Surround yourself with supportive, positive people

Non-Modifiable Risk Factors: What You Cannot Change

There are certain risk factors for heart disease that are beyond personal control. These include:

• Family history of heart disease
• Age over 55
• Preeclampsia during pregnancy

Your risk increases with age, and having a family member with heart disease makes you more vulnerable. Similarly, women who experienced preeclampsia during pregnancy are at higher risk. Though these cannot be changed, being aware of them is crucial for early monitoring and preventive care.

Why Heart Health Should Be a Priority at Any Age

The heart, much like a finely tuned engine, demands regular care and attention. Think of it like comparing a well-maintained vintage car with a brand-new vehicle neglected over time. Proper maintenance, not just youthful age, is what ensures long-term performance.

When blood vessels become clogged with plaque, or when your heart muscles weaken due to unmanaged chronic conditions, your heart has to work harder. Constant stress, lack of physical activity, and poor diet contribute to this wear and tear. Over time, if these factors are not addressed, the heart may simply give out.

Every cell in your body relies on your heart to deliver oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood. For all the vital work your heart performs from before you’re born to your last breath, it asks for very little in return: care, consistency, and commitment.

Prevention and the Power of Regular Check-Ups

While a healthy lifestyle goes a long way in reducing risk, it doesn’t guarantee immunity from heart disease. That’s why regular heart check-ups are essential, especially for those with existing risk factors or symptoms such as:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Pain in the arms, shoulders, or back
• Shortness of breath

Early diagnosis allows for timely treatment and can prevent severe, life-threatening conditions.

A Small Price for a Lifetime of Heart Health

You can’t change your age or family history, but you can make everyday choices that keep your heart strong and healthy. Your heart doesn’t ask for much, just a bit of daily care, a handful of wise habits, and regular monitoring.

A healthy lifestyle, supported by moments of joy, movement, and mindful eating, can drastically cut your risk of heart disease. Start today to ensure your heart keeps beating strong for many years to come.