Blood in Stool (Rectal Bleeding): Causes and Treatment

Usually, finding blood in stool means that there is some form of bleeding somewhere in the digestive tract (from the mouth to the rectum).  The bleed can be located by the colour and amount of blood present. 

• Bright red blood often means the bleeding is from the lower part of your digestive tract, like the rectum or anus.
• Dark red or maroon blood may come from higher up in the colon.
• Stools that appear black or tar-like may signal bleeding in the stomach or small intestine.

Even a small amount of blood is a signal your body is trying to tell you something, and it’s important to listen.

Common Causes

There are many possible reasons you might notice blood in your stool. Here are some of the most common:

• Hemorrhoids are veins in the rectal or anal area that have become inflamed and swollen. Hemorrhoids are one of the most common reasons for finding blood in stool. They can develop from straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or sitting for long periods.
• Anal Fissures are a small tear in the skin around the anus which can cause bleeding, especially during bowel movements. The anal fissures are usually accompanied by a sharp pain or burning sensation.
• Diverticulosis are small pouches that can form in the walls of the colon. Sometimes, when there is noticeable blood, it could be caused by the pouches bleeding. It’s more common in older adults.
• One of the more dangerous reasons for blood in the stool is colorectal cancer. Although it frequently doesn’t hurt at first, it can induce exhaustion, changes in bowel patterns, and weight loss. For early detection, routine screening is essential.
• Gastrointestinal Infections can irritate the lining of the intestines and cause bleeding. The infections may be accompanied by symptoms like fever, cramping, and diarrhoea.
• Peptic Ulcers also known as hematemesis are usually associated with stomach pain. If the ulcers bleed, the blood can pass through the digestive tract and show up as black, tarry stools. They often present themselves as blood in vomit and is found using an endoscopy.
• Polyps – Polyps are unusual growths of tissue. In some cases, they can lead to bleeding, irritation, or discomfort.
• Colitis – Colitis occurs when the lining of the colon becomes inflamed. In ulcerative colitis, sores or ulcers can form in the colon, which may lead to bleeding.
• Fistula – A fistula is an abnormal tunnel that can form between two body parts, such as between the anus and the skin or between the anus and the rectum. This condition may sometimes cause bleeding.

Diagnosis: Finding the Cause

Doctors often get a thorough medical history and existing symptoms to figure out what’s causing the bleeding. They may perform a physical exam and suggest tests such as:

• Stool tests to check for occult (hidden) blood
• Colonoscopy to examine the inside of your colon
• Sigmoidoscopy for a look at the lower part of the colon
• CT scans or imaging studies if more detail is needed
• Blood tests to detect anemia or signs of infection

These tests help pinpoint the problem so the right treatment can be started.

Treatment Options

The treatment for blood in the stool depends entirely on the cause. Here are some general approaches based on different diagnoses:

1. Lifestyle Changes

For minor issues such as hemorrhoids or fissures, increasing fiber intake, staying well-hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can be highly beneficial.

2. Medication

Some infections and inflammatory conditions can be treated with medications to reduce inflammation, fight infection, or soothe irritation.

3. Non-Surgical Procedures

If polyps are found during a colonoscopy, they can often be removed immediately. Haemorrhoids that don’t respond to lifestyle changes may also be treated with simple, non-invasive procedures.

4. Surgery

More serious cases, such as colorectal cancer or severe diverticulitis, may require surgery to remove the affected part of the intestine.

Prevention

Here are a few things you can do to keep your digestive system healthy and reduce the risk of bleeding:

• Include plenty of fiber in your diet by eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Stay hydrated
• Exercise regularly
• Don’t ignore the urge to go; holding in bowel movements can lead to straining
• Get regular screenings if you’re over 45 or have a family history of colon cancer

Conclusion

Although noticing blood in your stool can be alarming, it isn’t always a sign of a serious problem. In many cases, the cause is something minor and treatable, like haemorrhoids or a small tear. However, persistent or heavy bleeding should never be ignored.

The key is to pay attention to your body, talk to your doctor, and get the right tests done. With prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most causes of blood in the stool can be successfully managed.

When Should I See a Doctor?

Not every case of blood in stool is an emergency, but some signs should not be ignored. See a doctor if:

• The bleeding is heavy or doesn’t stop
• You have black, tarry stools
• You feel lightheaded or dizzy
• You’re also experiencing unexplained weight loss
• You have persistent abdominal pain
• You have a family history of colon cancer

Even if it’s just a small amount of blood, if it keeps happening, it’s best to get it checked by a gastroenterologist.

Frequently Asked Questions